Building a comparator circuit is an essential first step for any novice electronics enthusiast. Comparators are used in a variety of different electronic applications to compare two voltages, and derive a logical output based on the comparison of the two inputs. For example, a comparator can be used to construct a basic control system for a home appliance, or even to design more complex logic circuits. Regardless of your specific application, the basics of building a comparator circuit are the same.
The first step to building a comparator circuit is to setup the positive and negative power supplies. The positive supply is typically connected to the non-inverting input (pin 2) of the comparator, while the negative supply is connected to the common ground (pin 3). This serves to properly bias the input levels of the comparator, making it much easier to compare the two signals accurately.
The second step is to connect the two inputs to the comparator’s pins. If both signals are analog, they should be connected to pins 1 and 4. If one signal is digital, then it should be connected to pin 1 and the analog signal connected to pin 4. It is important to make sure the polarity of the inputs is correct, otherwise the output may not be as expected. Once both inputs are wired correctly, the comparator is ready for testing.
Finally, to test the comparator circuit, the two input signals should be connected to a digital multimeter, so that the voltage output of the comparator can be monitored. Depending on the comparison, the output voltage should either be near ground (low) or the positive supply’s voltage (high). If the output voltage fluctuates between the two levels, the circuit is working correctly. A successful comparator circuit is a great accomplishment, and a rewarding introduction to electronics.
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